Accidents Involving Passenger Fatalities

Ш U. S. Airlines (Part 121) 1982-Present

he NTSB wishes to make clear to all users of si the following list of accidents that the infor­mation it contains cannot, by itself, be used to compare the safety either of operators or of air­craft types. Airlines that have operated the great­est numbers of flights and flight hours could be expected to have suffered the greatest number of
fatal-to-passenger accidents (assuming that such accidents are random events, and not the result of some systematic deficiency). Similarly, the most used aircraft types would tend to be involved in such accidents more than lesser used types. The NTSB also cautions the user to bear in mind when attempting to compare today’s airline sys­tem to prior years that airline activity (and hence exposure to risk) has risen by almost 100% from the first year depicted to the last.

Passengers Date Location Operator Aircraft Type Fatal Surv 1/13/82 WASHINGTON, DC AIR FLORIDA BOEING 737-222 70 4 1/23/82 BOSTON, MA WORLD AIRWAYS MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-10-30 2 198 7/09/82 NEW ORLEANS, LA PAN AMERICAN WORLD AIRWAYS BOEING 727-235 137 0 11/08/82 HONOLULU, HI PAN AMERICAN WORLD AIRWAYS BOEING 747-100 1 274 01/09/83 BRAINERD, MN REPUBLIC AIRLINES CONVAIR 580-11-А 1 29 10/11/83 PINCKNEYVILLE, IL AIR ILLINOIS HAWKER SIDDELEY HS-748-2A 7 0 01/01/85 LA PAZ, BOLIVIA EASTERN AIR LINES BOEING 727-225 21 0 01/21/85 RENO, NV GALAXY AIRLINES LOCKHEED 188C 64 1 08/02/85 DALLAS/FT WORTH, TX DELTA AIRLINES LOCKHEED 126 26 L-1011-385-1 Continued

Date	Location	Operator	Aircraft Type	Fatal	Surv
09/06/85	MILWAUKEE, Wl	MIDWEST EXPRESS AIRLINES	DOUGLAS DC-9-14	27	0
12/12/85	GANDER, NEWFOUNDLAND	ARROW AIRWAYS	DOUGLAS DC-8-63	248	0
02/04/86	NEAR ATHENS, GREECE	TRANS WORLD AIRLINES	BOEING 727-231	4	110
02/14/87	DURANGO, MX	PORTS OF CALL	BOEING 707-323B	1	125
08/16/87	ROMULUS, Ml	NORTHWEST AIRLINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-9-82	148	1
11/15/87	DENVER, CO	CONTINENTAL AIRLINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-9-14	25	52
12/07/87	SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA	PACIFIC SOUTHWEST	BRITISH AEROSPACE	38	0
		AIRLINES	BAE-146-200
08/31/88	DALLAS/FT WORTH, TX	DELTA AIRLINES	BOEING 727-232	12	89
12/21/88	LOCKERBIE, SCOTLAND	PAN AMERICAN WORLD AIRWAYS	BOEING 747-121	243	0
02/08/89	SANTAMARIA, AZORES	INDEPENDENT AIR	BOEING 707	137	0
02/24/89	HONOLULU, HI	UNITED AIRLINES	BOEING 747-122	9	328
07/19/89	SIOUX CITY, IA	UNITED AIRLINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-10-10	110	175
09/20/89	FLUSHING, NY	USAIR	BOEING 737-400	2	55
12/27/89	MIAMI, FL	EASTERN AIR LINES	BOEING 727-225B	1	46
10/03/90	CAPE CANAVERAL, FL	EASTERN AIR LINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-9-31	1	90
12/03/90	ROMULUS, Ml	NORTHWEST AIRLINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-9-14	7	33
02/01/91	LOS ANGELES, CA	USAIR	BOEING 737-300	20	63
03/03/91	COLORADO SPGS, CO	UNITED AIRLINES	BOEING 737-291	20	0
03/22/92	FLUSHING, NY	USAIR	FOKKER 28-4000	25	22
07/02/94	CHARLOTTE, NC	USAIR	DOUGLAS DC-9-30	37	20
09/08/94	ALIQUIPPA, PA	USAIR	BOEING B-737-300	127	0
10/31/94	ROSELAWN, IN	AMERICAN EAGLE	ATR-72-212	64	0
12/20/95	CALI, COLOMBIA	AMERICAN AIRLINES	BOEING B-757	152	4
05/11/96	MIAMI, FL	VALUJET AIRLINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-9	105	0
07/06/96	PENSACOLA, FL	DELTA AIRLINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS MD-88	2	140
07/17/96	MORICHES, NY	TRANS WORLD AIRLINES	BOEING 747	212	0
08/02/97	LIMA, PERU	CONTINENTAL AIRLINES	BOEING 757-200	1	141
12/28/97	PACIFIC OCEAN	UNITED AIRLINES	BOEING 747	1	373
06/01/99	LITTLE ROCK, AR	AMERICAN AIRLINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS MD-80	10	129
01/31/00	POINT MUGU, CA	ALASKA AIRLINES	MCDONNELL DOUGLAS MD-83	83	0

Date	Location	Operator	Aircraft Type	Fatal	Surv
09/11/01	NEW YORK CITY, NY	AMERICAN AIRLINES	BOEING 767-200	81	0
09/11/01	NEW YORK CITY, NY	UNITED AIRLINES	BOEING 767-200	56	0
09/11/01	ARLINGTON, VA	AMERICAN AIRLINES	BOEING 757-200	58	0
09/11/01	SHANKSVILLE, PA	UNITED AIRLINES	BOEING 757	37	0
11/12/01	BELLE HARBOR, NY	AMERICAN AIRLINES	AIRBUS INDUSTRIE A300-600	251	0
01/08/03	CHARLOTTE, NC	US AIRWAYS EXPRESS	Beech 1900	19	0
10/19/04	KIRKSVILLE, MO	CORPORATE AIRLINES	British Aerospace Jetstream 32	11	2
12/19/05	MIAMI, FL	CHALKS OCEAN AIRWAYS	Grumman G-73T	18	0
08/27/06	LEXINGTON, KY	COMAIR	Bombardier CRJ-100	47	0

The NTSB wishes to make clear to all users of the preceding list of accidents that the information it contains cannot, by itself, be used to compare the safety either of operators or of aircraft types. Airlines that have operated the greatest numbers of flights and flight hours could be expected to have suffered the greatest number

Passengers Date Location Operator Aircraft Type Fatal Surv 02/21/1982 PROVIDENCE, Ri PILGRIM AIRLINES DEHAVILLAND DHC-6 1 9 12/09/1982 NEAR KLAWOCK, AK TYEE AIRLINES, INC. DEHAVILLAND DHC-2 7 0 08/17/1983 PEACH SPRINGS, AZ LAS VEGAS AIRLINES PIPER PA-31-350 9 0 03/05/1984 CUMBERLAND, MD CUMBERLAND AIRLINES PIPER PA-31 2 0 07/21/1984 TAU, MANUA ISL SOUTH PACIFIC ISLAND DEHAVILLAND DCH-6-300 1 10 08/02/1984 VIEQUES, PR VIEQUES AIR LINK, INC. BRITTEN NORMAN BN-2A ISLANDER 8 0 08/24/1984 SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA WINGS WEST AIRLINES, INC. BEECH C-99 13 0 09/07/1984 NAPLES, FL PROVINCETOWNBOSTON AIRLINES CESSNA 402C 1 4 12/06/1984 JACKSONVILLE, FL PROVINCETOWNBOSTON AIRLINES EMBRAER BANDEIRANTE EMBT10P1 11 0 Continued

Date	Location	Operator	Aircraft Type	Fatal	Surv
12/17/1984	BAINBRIDGE, NY	SUSQUEHANNA AIRLINES, INC.	PIPER PA-23-250	2	0
02/04/1985	SOLDOTNA, AK	NORTH PACIFIC AIRLINES	BEECH 65-A80	7	0
02/06/1985	ALTUS, OK	ALTUS AIRLINE, INC.	CESSNA 402B	1	0
04/26/1985	NEW YORK, NY	NEW YORK HELICOPTERS	AEROSPATIALE SA360C DAUPHIN	1	5
08/25/1985	AUBURN, ME	BAR HARBOR AIRLINES	BEECH 99	6	0
09/23/1985	GROTTOES, VA	HENSON AIRLINES	BEECH B99	12	0
11/01/1985	BETHEL, AK	HERMENS AIR, INC.	CESSNA 208	1	2
03/13/1986	ALPENA, Ml	SIMMONS AIRLINES	EMBRAER EMB-110P1	2	5
10/28/1986	ST. CROIX, VI	VIRGIN ISLAND SEAPLANE SHUTTLE	GRUMMAN G-73	1	12
01/15/198-7	KEARNS, UT	SKY WEST AIRLINES INC. (SKY WEST AIRLINES/ WESTERN EXPR)	SWEARINGEN SA-226TC	6	0
03/04/1987	ROMULUS, Ml	FISHER BROTHERS AVIATION INC. (NORTHWEST AIRLINK)	CASA C-212-CC	7	9
04/01/1987	ANCHORAGE, AK	WILBUR’S FLIGHT OPERATIONS (WILBUR’S INC.)	CESSNA 402	1	0
11/23/1987	HOMER, AK	RYAN AIR SERVICE, INC.	BEECH 1900C	16	3
12/23/1987	KENAI, AK	SOUTH CENTRAL AIR, INC.	PIPER PA-31-350	5	2
12/23/1987	MAUNALOA, HI	PANORAMA AIR TOURS (PANORAMA AIR TOURS)	PIPER PA-31-350	7	0
01/19/1988	BAYFIELD, CO	TRANS COLORADO AIRLINES (TRANS COLORADO)	FAIRCHILD SA-227-AC	7	8
02/19/1988	CARY, NC	AVAIR, INC. (AMERICAN EAGLE)	FAIRCHILD SA-227-AC	10	0
04/19/1989	PELICAN, AK	CHANNEL FLYING SERVICE	DEHAVILLAND DHC-2	1	0
07/30/1989	HAINES, AK	SKAGWAY AIR SERVICE	PIPER PA-32-301	2	2
10/28/1989	HALAWA, MOLOKAI, HI	ALOHA ISLANDAIR	DE HAVILLAND DHC-6-300	18	0
12/26/1989	PASCO, WA	NPA/UNITED EXPRESS (UNITED EXPRESS)	BRITISH AEROSPACE BAE-3101	4	0
09/03/1990	KALTAG, AK	FRONTIER FLYING SERVICE	PIPER PA-31-325	3	6
02/01/1991	LOS ANGELES, CA	SKYWEST AIRLINES, INC.	FAIRCHILD SA-227-AC	10	0
04/05/1991	BRUNSWICK, GA	ATLANTIC SOUTHEAST AIRLINES	EMBRAER EMB-120RT	20	0
07/10/1991	BIRMINGHAM, AL	L’EXPRESS AIRLINES, INC.	BEECH C99	12	1
08/20/1991	KETCHIKAN, AK	TEMSCO HELICOPTERS, INC. (TEMSCO AIRLINES)	PILATUS BRITTEN – NORMAN BN-2A-26 ISLANDER	3	0
09/11/1991	EAGLE LAKE, TX	CONTINENTAL EXPRESS	EMBRAER 120	11	0

Date	Location	Operator	Aircraft Type	Fatal	Surv
12/10/1991	TEMPLE BAR, AZ	LAS VEGAS AIRLINES, INC.	PIPER PA-31-350	4	0
01/03/1992	GABRIELS, NY	COMMUTAIR (USAIR EXPRESS)	BEECH 1900C	1	1
01/23/1992	CLEWISTON, FL	AIR SUNSHINE INC.	CESSNA 402C	1	0
06/07/1992	MAYAGUEZ, PR	EXECUTIVE AIR CHARTER, INC. (AMERICAN EAGLE)	CASA 212	3	0
06/08/1992	ANNISTON, AL	GP EXPRESS AIRLINES, INC.	BEECH C99	2	2
10/27/1992	SAIPAN, MP	PACIFIC ISLAND AVIATION, INC.	CESSNA 310R	2	0
10/31/1992	GRAND JUNCTION, CO	ALPINE AVIATION (ALPINE AIR)	PIPER PA-42	2	0
11/08/1992	KIANA, AK	BAKER AVIATION INC.	CESSNA 402C	2	0
04/03/1993	NOME, AK	RYAN AIR SERVICE, INC	CESSNA 207	1	0
07/12/1993	LAS VEGAS, NV	AIR NEVADA AIRLINES	CESSNA 402C	2	0
12/01/1993	HIBBING, MN	EXPRESS AIRLINES II, INC. (NORTHWEST AIRLINK)	JETSTREAM BA-3100	16	0
01/07/1994	COLUMBUS, OH	ATLANTIC COAST AIRLINES (UNITED EXPRESS)	JETSTREAM 4101	2	3
12/13/1994	MORRISVILLE, NC	FLAGSHIP AIRLINES (AMERICAN EAGLE)	BAE JETSTREAM 3201	15	5
08/21/1995	CARROLLTON, GA	ATLANTIC SOUTHEAST AIRLINES (DELTA CONNECTOR)	EMBRAER EMB-120RT	7	19
11/19/1996	QUINCY, IL	GREAT LAKES AVIATION (UNITED EXPRESS)	BEECH 1900	10	0
01/09/1997	IDA, Ml	COMAIR	EMBRAER 120	26	0
02/08/1997	ST. THOMAS, VI	AIR SUNSHIHE	CESSNA 402C	2	2
04/10/1997	WAINWRIGHT, AK	HAGELAND AVIATION	CESSNA 208B	4	0
06/27/1997	NOME, AK	OLSON AIR SERVICE	CESSNA 207	1	0
11/08/1997	BARROW, AK	HAGELAND AVIATION SERVICES	CESSNA 208B	7	0
09/05/1999	WESTERLY, Rl	NEW ENGLAND AIRLINES	PIPER PA-32-260	2	2
12/07/1999	BETHEL, AK	GRANT AVIATION	CESSNA 207	5	0
09/18/2000	NUIQSUT, AK	CAPE SMYTHE AIR SERVICE	PIPER PA-31T3	4	5
10/03/2001	DECATUR ISLAND, WA	WEST ISLE AIR	CESSNA 172N	2	0
10/10/2001	DILLINGHAM, AK	PENINSULA AIRWAYS	CESSNA 208	9	0
07/13/2003	TREASURE CAY, BAHAMAS	AIR SUNSHINE	CESSNA 402C	2	7
12/14/2006	PORT HEIDEN, AK	PENINSULA AIRWAYS	PIPER PA-32-301	1	0

The NTSB wishes to make clear to all users of the preceding list of accidents that the information it contains cannot, by itself, be used to compare the safety either of operators or of aircraft types. Airlines that have operated the greatest numbers of flights and flight hours could be expected to have suffered the greatest number of fatal-to-passenger accidents (assuming that such accidents are random events, and not the result of some systematic deficiency). Similarly, the most used aircraft types would tend to be involved in such accidents more than lesser used types. The NTSB also cautions the user to bear in mind when attempting to compare today’s airline system to prior years that airline activity (and hence exposure to risk) has risen by more than 35% from the first year depicted to the last, updated September 2005

[1] In 1900, there were 8,000 automobiles registered in the United States. By 1920, there were 8 million automobiles registered. Wall Street Journal 5/17/03.

Endnote

Endnote

[4] http://www. nasm. si. edu/collections/artifact. cfm7id =A19180001000

[5] September 21, 1908—A record for distance and duration that brought a $1,000 prize from the Aero Club de France.

2. October 7, 1908—The first flight with a female passenger, Mrs. Hart O. Berg.

3. October 10, 1908—A record for distance and duration with a passenger.

4. November 18, 1908—An altitude record of 90 meters, earning a prize of 1,000 French francs from the Aero Club de Saitte.

Endnotes

[7] Shulman, Unlocking the Sky: Glenn Hammond Curtiss and the Race to Invent the Airplane, Harper and Collins, 1903.

2. Dayton History Books Online http://www. daytonhistory books. com/the_wright_brothers_18html.

3. Dayton History Books, ibid.

[8] An account of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company, 1925-1950, Frederick B. Rentschler, 1950, Pratt & Whitney Archives, East Hartford, CT.

Endnote

[10] The Post Office, which would continue to award contracts, designate routes, and estab­lish schedules;

Endnotes

[12] Barnum, John, What Prompted Airline Deregulation 20 Years Ago, http://library. findlaw. com/1988/ Sep/l/129304.html.

2. Caves, Richard E., Air transport and its regulators: an industry study, Harvard University Press, 1962.

3. Martha Derthick & Paul J. Quirk, The Politics of Deregula­tion 241 (1985).

[13] Immediate automatic market entry in certain cases.

2. Shifted the burden of proof in route author­ity cases from the requirement to show that public necessity and convenience (PNC) was required (in order to secure the route) to one requiring opponents to show that the new award/entry would be inconsistent with PNC.

3. Allowed carriers to obtain authority to fly unused routes of other carriers.

4. Established a range of fares within which carriers could immediately select fares on their own without CAB approval.

5. Established notice procedures to facilitate abandonment of unprofitable routes.

6. Provided a 10-year Essential Air Service Program to ensure air service to small communities.

7. Provided employee protective measures for workers dislocated by changes in the air­lines’ procedures.

Endnotes

[15] 459 U. S. 1145, 103 S. Ct. 784, 74 L. Ed. 992 (1983).

2. 14 C. F.R. 255; Regulation ER-1385, 49 Fed. Reg. 32540 (Aug. 14, 1984), aff’d United Airlines v. CAB, 766 F. 2d 1107 (7th Cir. 1985).

3. See Bankruptcy Code, 11 U. S.C § 1113, et. seq. Under this amendment to the Bankruptcy Code, the debtor in bankruptcy may petition the Bankruptcy Court to void or modify union contracts and impose lower pay scales or more reasonable work rules. The Court must find (after presentation of evidence) that wage and benefit cuts or changes to work rules are necessary for the debtor (airline) to successfully emerge from bankruptcy and that these changes are equitable and not arbitrary. This was not the case when Lorenzo unilaterally canceled the Continental labor agreements.

[16] Gandt, Robert, Skygods, p. 289.

Endnote

[18] The airport gives up the opportunity to make any profit in its operations since any sur­pluses are credited to the airlines.

2. The airport gives up the right to make auton­omous decisions over capital expenditure programs because of provisions in the agree­ments, called “majority-in-interest” (Mil) clauses.

Endnotes

1. Public Law 84-159.

2. 42 U. S.C. section 7401, et seq.

3. California, Massachusetts, and Texas.

4. Aircraft must be built to meet noise certification standards established by ICAO, found in Annex 16, Environmental Protection, V. 1. The first generation of jet aircraft (707, DC-8) preceded the Annex 16 standards. These are Stage

[20] aircraft. Chapter 2 of the Annex applied to aircraft built before 1977, and these are referred to as Stage 2 aircraft. Chapter 3 of the Annex covered the latest production air­craft, and are referred to by the FAA as Stage 3.

[21] It must be developed and implemented at the same time that the present radar-based sys­tem is running full tilt.

[22] It proposes technology that has yet to be perfected.

[23] It requires significant financial invest­ment in new ground-based equipment by government and new onboard equipment by flying users of the new system, estimated to be in excess of $40 billion.

[24] Airlines are reluctant to invest in the required onboard equipage until the FAA can demonstrate with some confidence when the government-funded technologies will be available for use in the new system.

[25] It requires training in the use of new equip­ment and in procedures by government, mili­tary, and civilian users of the new system.

Endnotes

[27] A large-caliber muzzle-loading gun able to fire heavy projectiles.

2. Refer to Chapter 8 for a review of the impact of Scientific American on the early aviation community.

3. Refer to Chapters 6 and 7 for a review of the Smithson­ian’s impact on the early work in aeronautics by Samuel Langley and the Wright brothers, and to Appendices 1 and 2 for comments by Dr. Alexander Graham Bell at the Smithsonian in 1913 about their experiments.

4. On July 17, 1969, the day after the launch of Apollo 11 for the moon landing, the Times issued a “correction” to its 1920 mocking editorial of Goddard’s 1919 treatise. It concluded: “The Times regrets the error.”

5. Refer to Chapter 13 for a discussion of the Guggenheim family and their contributions to early aviation and research in the United States.

6. Roswell would become famous as the site of the alleged alien space ship crash in 1947.