Hawaiian Airlines

Founded in 1929 as Inter-Island Airways, Hawai­ian Airlines had the distinction of being the old­est U. S. carrier never to have had a fatal accident in its history. Conditions after 9/11 forced HAL to begin a restructuring process, in which it negotiated significant concessions from its labor forces. The company was unable to satisfactorily

In August 2002, American announces a reorganization amid an industry-wide recession. It laid off staff, grounded jets, and changed how it connected passengers at its hubs In 2003, American Airlines workers took some $1,8 billion in concessions to help avoid Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

In January 2007, AMR posted a small profit in the fourth quarter due to lower fuel prices, continued cost-cutting, and higher ticket prices.

In July 2010, AMR secured antitrust approval for its trans-Atlantic alliance with British Airways and others.

In November 2011, AMR filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and Thomas Horton became CEO, replacing Gerard Arpey.

FIGURE 35-21 Airline bankruptcy chart.

restructure its aircraft leasing contracts, and entered bankruptcy on March 21, 2003.

Aloha Airlines

Aloha Airlines received its operating certificate in 1949. The company went private in 1986 with 100 percent ownership in two Hawaiian families. Aloha received a $45 million loan guar­antee from the Air Transportation Stabilization Board in 2002, but by December 30, 2004, it was unable to continue operations outside of Chapter 11 bankruptcy. When it entered bank­ruptcy protection, it had repaid about half of the government-backed loan. The filing was attrib­uted to competition factors, likely including its chief competitor, Hawaiian Airlines, which had
already secured creditor relief from bankruptcy protection.